Efektivitas Program Terapi Tawa Terstruktur sebagai Intervensi Keperawatan Nonfarmakologis dalam Menurunkan Depresi pada Lansia
Keywords:
depresi, GDS-15, keperawatan jiwa lansia, lansia, panti sosial tresna werdha, terapi tawa terstrukturAbstract
Penelitian ini penting dilakukan karena depresi pada lansia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan mental yang berdampak terhadap kualitas hidup dan kesejahteraan lansia, khususnya yang tinggal di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha. Terapi tawa terstruktur berpotensi menjadi intervensi nonfarmakologis yang aman, mudah diterapkan, dan berbiaya rendah. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan bukti ilmiah mengenai efektivitas terapi tawa dalam menurunkan depresi pada lansia serta menjadi dasar pengembangan program promotif dan preventif kesehatan mental di panti sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas terapi tawa terstruktur terhadap penurunan tingkat depresi pada lansia yang tinggal di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha RIA Pembangunan Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pra-eksperimental dengan pendekatan one-group pretest–posttest. Sebanyak 32 lansia dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Tingkat depresi diukur menggunakan Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi tawa terstruktur. Intervensi diberikan selama dua minggu dalam enam sesi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji normalitas Shapiro–Wilk, dan uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank dengan tingkat signifikansi p < 0,05. Program terapi tawa terstruktur secara signifikan menurunkan tingkat depresi pada lansia (p < 0,001). Rerata skor GDS-15 menurun dari 12 sebelum intervensi menjadi 4 setelah enam sesi terapi. Seluruh peserta yang pada awal penelitian berada pada kategori depresi sedang dan berat mengalami perbaikan, sehingga setelah intervensi tidak ada lagi responden yang berada pada kedua kategori tersebut. Program terapi tawa terstruktur merupakan intervensi keperawatan nonfarmakologis yang efektif, aman, mudah diterapkan, dan berbiaya rendah dalam menurunkan depresi pada lansia yang tinggal di panti sosial Tresna Werdha. Integrasi terapi ini ke dalam pelayanan keperawatan gerontik berpotensi meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis lansia serta mendukung tercapainya healthy ageing.
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