Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Niat Perawat dalam Mengadopsi Rekam Medis Elektronik di Rumah Sakit: Studi Cross-Sectional
Keywords:
behavioral intention, computer self-efficacy, electronic medical record, performance expectancy, technology acceptanceAbstract
Transformasi digital dalam pelayanan kesehatan menuntut optimalisasi penggunaan Electronic Medical Record (EMR) untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dan keselamatan pasien. Keberhasilan implementasi EMR sangat bergantung pada niat perawat sebagai pengguna utama sistem dalam praktik klinis sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi niat perawat dalam mengadopsi EMR di rumah sakit berdasarkan kerangka Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh perawat aktif di unit pelayanan rumah sakit sebanyak 75 perawat yang dipilih melalui teknik total sampling. Variabel independen meliputi Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, dan Computer Self-Efficacy, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah Behavioral Intention dalam mengadopsi EMR. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner terstruktur berbasis UTAUT yang terdiri dari 23 item skala Likert (1–5). Uji validitas dilakukan menggunakan korelasi Pearson (r > 0,30) dan uji reliabilitas menunjukkan nilai Cronbach’s alpha antara 0,78–0,91. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat untuk mendeskripsikan distribusi variabel dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat signifikansi p < 0,05. Sebagian besar responden memiliki persepsi baik terhadap Performance Expectancy (74,7%), Effort Expectancy (69,3%), Social Influence (64,0%), dan Computer Self-Efficacy (72,0%). Niat adopsi EMR kategori baik sebesar 77,3%. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara Behavioral Intention dengan seluruh variabel independen (p < 0,05). Faktor kognitif, sosial, dan psikologis berperan signifikan dalam membentuk niat perawat mengadopsi EMR. Penguatan persepsi manfaat, kemudahan penggunaan, dukungan organisasi, dan efikasi diri digital menjadi strategi penting dalam mendukung keberlanjutan transformasi digital rumah sakit.
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