Analisis Hubungan Faktor Riwayat Vaksinasi BCG, Penggunaan Alas Kaki, Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan dan Pengobatan dengan Kejadian Kusta
Keywords:
akses pelayanan kesehatan, faktor risiko, kusta, penggunaan alas kaki, vaksinasi BCGAbstract
Kusta masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2024, Indonesia termasuk tiga negara dengan beban kusta tertinggi, dengan 14.698 kasus baru dan angka prevalensi sebesar 0,63 per 10.000 penduduk. Di Kabupaten Sukoharjo, jumlah kasus kusta meningkat dari 17 kasus pada tahun 2023 menjadi 24 kasus pada tahun 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan riwayat vaksinasi BCG, penggunaan alas kaki, serta akses pelayanan kesehatan dan pengobatan dengan kejadian kusta. Penelitian case-control ini dilakukan pada April–Mei 2026 terhadap 48 responden yang terdiri atas 24 kasus dan 24 kontrol. Kelompok kasus dipilih menggunakan total sampling, sedangkan kelompok kontrol dipadankan berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelamin. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur yang telah memenuhi uji validitas (korelasi Pearson, r=0,741–0,953; p<0,05) dan reliabilitas (Cronbach's Alpha=0,801–0,840). Selanjutnya, data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa riwayat vaksinasi BCG (p=0,029; OR=4,231), penggunaan alas kaki (p=0,042; OR=3,400), serta akses pelayanan kesehatan dan pengobatan (p=0,029; OR=4,231) berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian kusta.
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