Faktor Psikologis dan Klinis terhadap Kepatuhan Pasien Jantung Koroner dalam Perawatan Jangka Panjang
Keywords:
kecemasan, kepatuhan, komorbiditas, penyakit jantung koronerAbstract
Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) merupakan penyebab utama kematian dan disabilitas global, termasuk di Indonesia, dengan lebih dari 15 juta kematian tiap tahun. Kepatuhan pasien dalam menjalani kontrol ulang sangat penting dalam keberhasilan pengobatan PJK yang memerlukan perawatan jangka panjang. Faktor psikologis seperti kecemasan dapat mengganggu motivasi dan pengambilan keputusan terkait kontrol Kesehatan. Komorbiditas seperti diabetes dan hipertensi juga meningkatkan beban pengobatan dan memperumit manajemen terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai korelasi antara kecemasan dan komorbiditas terhadap kepatuhan pasien PJK dalam menjalani kontrol ulang di rumah sakit. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 105 pasien PJK, dipilih menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan uji chi-square. Rerata usia responden adalah 60,34 tahun (SD ± 5,36), mayoritas berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 62 orang (59 %), dan berpendidikan sekolah dasar sebanyak 34 orang (32,4 %). Mayoritas mengalami kecemasan ringan sebanyak 63 orang (60 %) dan mengalami komorbiditas yaitu sebanyak 56 orang (53,3 %). Hasil uji bivariat menunjukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kecemasan (p value = 0.028) dan komorbiditas (p value = 0,032) dengan kepatuhan kontrol rutin ke rumah sakit. Kecemasan ringan dapat berperan sebagai faktor motivasi bagi pasien untuk tetap melakukan perawatan, sedangkan keberadaan komorbiditas meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya kontrol terhadap kesehatan. Namun, beban penyakit ganda juga berpotensi menjadi hambatan terhadap kepatuhan.
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