Karakteristik Sosiodemogafi, Klinis dan Komorboditas Pasien Tuberkulosis dengan Hasil Pengobatannya
Keywords:
hasil pengobatan, karakteristik klinis, karakteristik sosiodemografi, komorbiditas, tuberculosisAbstract
Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia, dengan Provinsi Sulawesi Barat menghadapi tantangan khusus akibat keterbatasan sistem kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik sosiodemografi, klinis, komorbiditas, dan hasil pengobatan pasien TB di Sulawesi Barat tahun 2023. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien TB yang tercatat dalam Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB) di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat tahun 2023 sebanyak 3.317 pasien. Sampel adalah seluruh pasien TB yang tercatat dalam SITB Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Barat tahun 2023, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui ekstraksi data sekunder dari SITB meliputi variabel sosiodemografi (umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, kabupaten), variabel klinis (tipe diagnosis, lokasi anatomi, hasil pemeriksaan TCM, riwayat pengobatan, pemeriksaan kontak, panduan OAT, lama pengobatan), komorbiditas (DM dan HIV), serta outcome pengobatan. Analisis data dilakukan secara statistik deskriptif berupa distribusi frekuensi dan persentase, serta tabulasi silang karakteristik pasien terhadap kategori hasil pengobatan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik sosiodemografi menunjukkan dominasi kelompok usia produktif 19-59 tahun (69,7%) dan laki-laki (58,3%) dengan pekerjaan di sektor non-formal (56%). Secara klinis, mayoritas pasien merupakan kasus baru (86%) dengan TB paru (97,8%) dan konfirmasi bakteriologis (64,4%), dimana sebagian besar menerima OAT kategori 1 (95,8%) dengan durasi pengobatan 6-8 bulan (66,3%). Komorbiditas DM ditemukan pada 6,3% pasien dan HIV positif 0,8%. Hasil pengobatan menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan 54,7%, masih jauh di bawah target global. Kelompok balita (63,2%), perempuan (57,2%), dan pasien dengan durasi pengobatan lengkap 6-8 bulan (79,3%) mencapai keberhasilan tertinggi. Konfirmasi bakteriologis memberikan outcome lebih baik (56,5%) dibanding diagnosis klinis. Sebaliknya, komorbiditas DM (48,6%) dan HIV (38,5%) secara nyata menurunkan keberhasilan pengobatan, sama halnya dengan pengobatan kurang dari 2 bulan yang hanya mencapai 0,6% keberhasilan. kasus TB di Sulawesi Barat di dominasi pada kelompok usia produktif dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki, mayoritas kasus baru dengan jenis TB paru, dan capaian keberhasilan pengobatan yang masih rendah.
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