Efektivitas Intervensi Virtual Reality terhadap Pemulihan Fungsi Motorik Ekstremitas Atas pada Pasien Stroke: A Literature Review
Keywords:
fungsi motorik, neurorehabilitasi, rehabilitasi, stroke, virtual realityAbstract
Stroke merupakan salah satu penyebab utama disabilitas jangka panjang di dunia yang sering menimbulkan gangguan fungsi motorik ekstremitas atas, sehingga menghambat aktivitas sehari-hari, menurunkan kemandirian, dan kualitas hidup pasien. Rehabilitasi konvensional sering menghadapi kendala berupa rendahnya intensitas latihan dan keterlibatan pasien. Virtual Reality (VR) berkembang sebagai pendekatan rehabilitasi inovatif yang mampu memberikan latihan interaktif dengan stimulasi sensorimotor yang lebih optimal. Namun, bukti ilmiah mengenai efektivitas VR terhadap pemulihan fungsi motorik ekstremitas atas pada pasien stroke masih perlu disintesis secara komprehensif. Menganalisis efektivitas intervensi berbasis Virtual Reality dalam meningkatkan fungsi motorik ekstremitas atas pada pasien stroke melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review. Penelitian ini menggunakan pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, dan ProQuest menggunakan kerangka PICO, yang menghasilkan 624 artikel. Setelah proses penyaringan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, yaitu desain Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), populasi pasien stroke, intervensi Virtual Reality, dan luaran fungsi motorik ekstremitas atas, diperoleh lima artikel yang memenuhi syarat. Kualitas metodologis setiap studi dinilai menggunakan Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Kelima studi menunjukkan bahwa intervensi Virtual Reality secara konsisten meningkatkan fungsi motorik ekstremitas atas pada pasien stroke. Perbaikan tersebut diukur menggunakan instrumen Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), dan Box and Block Test (BBT), yang menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan motorik, ketangkasan, dan penggunaan lengan dalam aktivitas fungsional. Virtual Reality merupakan intervensi rehabilitasi yang efektif dalam meningkatkan fungsi motorik ekstremitas atas pada pasien stroke.
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