Efektivitas Implementasi Lean Six Sigma dalam Mengurangi Boarding dan Keterlambatan Transfer Pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat: A Systematic Review
Keywords:
instalasi gawat darurat, keterlambatan transfer pasien, lean six sigmaAbstract
Boarding dan keterlambatan transfer pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) menyebabkan overcrowding, peningkatan length of stay (LOS), dan penurunan mutu pelayanan. Lean Six Sigma telah banyak diterapkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi proses pelayanan, namun bukti mengenai efektivitasnya dalam mengurangi boarding dan keterlambatan transfer pasien di IGD masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas implementasi Lean Six Sigma dalam mengurangi boarding dan keterlambatan transfer pasien di IGD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review sesuai pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui Scopus, PubMed, dan Google Scholar pada periode 2016–2026. Sebanyak 355 artikel teridentifikasi dan setelah proses seleksi diperoleh 11 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kesebelas penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Lean Six Sigma memberikan dampak positif terhadap efisiensi operasional IGD. Sebagian besar studi melaporkan penurunan boarding time, length of stay (LOS), waktu tunggu, dan keterlambatan transfer pasien, disertai peningkatan patient flow, throughput, serta kapasitas pelayanan. Beberapa penelitian juga melaporkan penurunan LOS hingga 30%, penurunan boarding time hingga 55%, pengurangan waktu siklus pelayanan hingga 73%, serta peningkatan efisiensi proses hingga 90% setelah penerapan pendekatan Lean Six Sigma berbasis DMAIC. Lean Six Sigma efektif dalam mengurangi boarding dan keterlambatan transfer pasien serta meningkatkan efisiensi operasional di Instalasi Gawat Darurat. Metode ini berpotensi menjadi strategi berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan rumah sakit.
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