The Relationship between Social Capital and Health Service Quality: A Meta-Analysis
Keywords:
health quality, health service, social capitalAbstract
The quality of healthcare services has a significant impact on all healthcare efforts, making service quality an essential aspect to consider in every healthcare institution or facility used as a health referral center for patients. Social capital refers to social relationships and connections between individuals, focusing on the interactions among individuals rather than individual attributes. The key concept is that social capital is not a characteristic of an individual or a personality trait, but rather a resource embedded in networks and groups of people. This resource can contribute to health production if properly utilized. To investigate the relationship between elements of social capital that may influence the quality of healthcare services. This study employed a cross-sectional and meta-analysis design, involving an extensive search for relevant articles from electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, BMC, and Publish or Perish. To be included in the study, articles had to meet specific criteria, such as being full observational studies published between 2004 and 2023. The collected articles were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Our findings indicate that high levels of social capital are positively associated with an improvement in the quality of healthcare services, being 1.19 times more likely to result in higher quality compared to low social capital, which is negatively associated with service quality. The results are statistically significant (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.34; p = 0.006). This study contributes to the literature on positive work environment factors by emphasizing the importance of social capital and good relationships within and especially between hospitals to achieve high-quality services. Therefore, bridging and maintaining social capital should be integrated into theoretical frameworks, hospital strategies, and work environment policies to potentially enhance the quality of healthcare services.
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