Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaharui Kepuasan Kerja Perawat terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Pasien: Literature Review
Keywords:
job satisfaction, nurses, patient care, work satisfactionAbstract
Pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas sangat dipengaruhi oleh mutu pelayanan keperawatan, mengingat perawat merupakan tenaga terbesar dalam sistem kesehatan. Kepuasan kerja perawat berperan penting dalam menjaga kesehatan fisik dan mental serta menentukan kualitas pelayanan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kepuasan kerja perawat dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas pelayanan pasien. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur melalui database PubMed, Scopus, dan EBSCO terhadap artikel berbahasa Inggris yang diterbitkan dalam kurun waktu 2014–2024. Sebanyak 16 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi (studi cross-sectional, longitudinal, dan kualitatif) dianalisis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan kerja perawat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk lingkungan kerja, stres, karakteristik demografis, kompensasi, tantangan integrasi, dan kelelahan kerja. Faktor seperti jadwal shift yang tidak optimal, manajemen staf yang kurang efektif, serta keterbatasan sumber daya terbukti menurunkan kepuasan kerja. Sebaliknya, keseimbangan antara kehidupan kerja dan pribadi serta dukungan kebijakan yang memadai dapat meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat. Peningkatan kepuasan kerja ini pada akhirnya berkontribusi positif terhadap kualitas pelayanan pasien.
References
Al-Ahmed, N. A., Mohamed, H. S. I., Aldaeif, K. H., Alrzak, M. A. A., & Aldugiem, M. M. (2024). Burnout and job satisfaction among nurses in northwestern Syria during war time. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 15(2), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2024.56667
Cubelo, F., Al Jabri, F., Jokiniemi, K., & Turunen, H. (2024). Factors influencing job satisfaction and professional competencies in clinical practice among internationally educated nurses during the migration journey: A mixed-methods systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, February, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.13280
Dziedzic, B., Jagiełło, M., Kobos, E., Sienkiewicz, Z., & Czyżewski, Ł. (2023). Job Satisfaction Among Nurses Working in Hospitals During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Medycyna Pracy, 74(4), 271–278. https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01350
Fitzpatrick, C., Buckingham, T., Merrell, J., McCooey, C., & Richardson, D. (2020). Engaging nurses in research and quality improvement is associated with higher job satisfaction and lower rates of unscheduled time off work: A pilot study. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 31(7), 702–704. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462420901989
He, Y., Guo, Y., Guo, X., Han, N., Xin, B., Wu, Y., Wan, Q., Shi, P., Yang, S., Ksebe, W., & Jiang, W. (2024). Role function and job satisfaction of community nurses in China: A cross-sectional study. Nursing Open, 11(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.2109
House, S., Crandell, J., Stucky, C., Kitzmiller, R., Jones, C., & Gittell, J. H. (2023). Relational Coordination as a Predictor of Job Satisfaction and Intent to Stay Among Nurses and Physicians in the Military Health System. Military Medicine, 188(1–2), e316–e325. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usab464
Jarosz, K., & Młynarska, A. (2024). The Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on Job Satisfaction and Professional Burnout among Nurses in Urology Departments. Nursing Reports, 14(2), 883–900. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14020068
Kamalia, L. O., Said, A., & Risky, S. (2020). Manajemen Keperawatan. Media Sains Indonesia.
Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K., & Ilic, D. (2015). Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(1), 652–666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120100652
Kim, J., Lee, E., Kwon, H., Lee, S., & Choi, H. (2024). Effects of work environments on satisfaction of nurses working for integrated care system in South Korea: a multisite cross-sectional investigation. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02075-9
Kurtović, B., & Bilješko Štrus, I. (2023). Job Satisfaction and Associated Factors among Scrub Nurses: Beyond the Surface. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20247159
Nyirenda, M., & Mukwato, P. (2016). Job satisfaction and attitudes towards nursing care among nurses working at Mzuzu Central Hospital in Mzuzu, Malawi. Malawi Medical Journal, 28(4), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v28i4.3
Oktizulvia, C., & Kesuma, S. I. (2023). Faktor-Faktor Kepuasan Kerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit Swasta Kota Padang Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 23(2), 2163. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i2.4105
Serewa, K., & Szpakow, A. (2024). Job satisfaction of nurses and the determinants of organizational climate: insights from hospitals in Lubelskie Voivodeship. Pielegniarstwo XXI Wieku, 13–19. https://doi.org/10.2478/pielxxiw-2024-0025
Siregar, H. K., Andini, F. T., Tahu, S. K., & Supriyadi. (2022). Ilmu Keperawatan Dasar. Media Sains Indonesia.
Sommer, D., Wilhelm, S., & Wahl, F. (2024). Nurses’ Workplace Perceptions in Southern Germany—Job Satisfaction and Self-Intended Retention towards Nursing. Healthcare (Switzerland), 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020172
Vevoda, J., Navratilova, D., Machaczka, O., Ambroz, P., Vevodova, S., & Tomietto, M. (2023). Nurses job satisfaction identified by personal preferences and perceived saturation divergence: a comparative cross-sectional study in Czech hospitals between 2011 and 2021. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01586-1
Yang, C., Yang, L., & Wu, D. (2023). The influence of grit on nurse job satisfaction: Mediating effects of perceived stress and moderating effects of optimism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(January), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1094031
Yıldırım, D., & Kocatepe, V. (2021). A comparison of burnout and job satisfaction among cancer nurses in oncology, hematology and palliative care clinics. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(1), 73–79.
